How to Choose solar mounting system?

As the industry has expanded rapidly in recent years, the technology used to mount solar panels to residential rooftops has experienced incredible innovation and rapid growth. Solar panel mounting systems are now available for all kinds of roofs, from asphalt shingles to clay tiles, to standing seam metal, and everything in between.

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Modern solar mounting systems consist of roof attachments (with or without flashing), mounting rails, and module clamps. These products are designed to allow workers to quickly and effectively install solar panels that will last for decades on the roof, with minimal effect on the roofing materials and no roof leaks. Ground-mounted racks are also available.

There are many options for what you need, no matter your roof style or ground mounting system necessities. Your solar installer will know the best option to get the most use out of your solar system.

Below is our expert review of solar panel mounting solutions, which highlights the top three solar panel mount brands, and discusses the pros and cons of rooftop solar systems versus ground-mounted systems.

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What is solar panel mounting and racking?

Solar panel mounts and racks are equipment that secures solar panels in place.

Mounting allows the panels to be adjusted for optimal tilt, which can be based on latitude, seasons, or even time of day — to ensure maximum solar energy production. The most common locations for mounting are on the roof, using solar roof mounts, or on the ground with ground-mount options.

In terms of cost, mounts and racking typically account for about 10% of the total cost of an average solar system. For example, if your solar system cost $10,000, the racking system portion would be about $1,000 of the total cost. 

The price will depend on the type of racking you use, the amount of equipment needed, and labor costs for installation. 

The most common technique of module mounting is using a solar panel mounting bracket. Mounting brackets are heavy-duty equipment, usually made from stainless steel or aluminum. All solar racking and mounting products, whether for the rooftop or ground, must meet strict guidelines to ensure durability and structural integrity to withstand high winds and weather events.

Next, we will walk you through the main components that make up racking equipment so you can better understand the structure that will support your solar panels.

What are the most important components of a racking system?

Solar panel racking equipment is built with 3 main components:

• Roof attachments

• Module clamps

• Mounting rails

Each tool plays a key role in how the structure supports your panels, to ensure you get the most amount of solar power out of them. 

Roof attachments

The roof attachments are the fasteners that will be drilled into your roof in order to secure the racking system in place. 

The holes these drills create will be surrounded by ‘flashing’, which is a plastic or metal shield that is inserted between shingles to prevent water from getting into the hole. However, roof attachments differ for each roof type. 

To dig a little deeper, take a look at more information on installing solar panels on clay tile roofs, metal roofs, and flat surface roofs.

Module clamps

The module clamps attach the drilled-in roof attachments to the mounting rails. There are a few different module clamp types for each angle and corner of the solar panel.

Mounting rails

After drilling into the roof, the roof attachments are then connected to mounting rails via module clamps that will then support the solar panels. 

Although there are railless racking options available, rails are most commonly used because they can be secured to most roof angles, and because many installers are trained using rail mounting systems. 

While many manufacturers produce solar panel mounts, only a handful of companies come out on top when it comes to quality. You can’t really go wrong with IronRidge, Quick Mount and Unirac, but we will walk you through the pros and cons of each brand.

Which roof mount brands are best?

The top two high-quality solar mounting and racking brands are:

• Ironridge

• Unirac 

Ironridge

Originally, IronRidge supported mostly small, off-grid projects. But today, IronRidge is known for its uniquely shaped and durable XR rail series for pitched roofs. They have equally great options for flat roofs and ground mounts, as well.

Unirac 

Unirac sells mounts for flat roofs and fixed-tilt ground-mount frames. Unirac’s solar mounts each come with different tilts, allowing the direction of the solar array to be independent of the angle of the roof, ensuring the best productivity.

Each brand offers no obvious weaknesses, and each offers very innovative mounting and racking kits to meet most solar needs. 

You can buy any option through a local solar equipment supplier for DIY projects. But if you work with a solar installer, they will buy the panel mounts for you since they know what will work best with your roof and solar panels. 

Where to buy solar panel mounts

Tackling a solar panel project DIY-style can make things a bit more complicated. Most of the time, you cannot go out and buy a fully-constructed solar panel mount system. You need to buy each individual part separately to then form a complete mount. If DIY is the route you want to go, buying entire solar panel kits with their corresponding racking solutions makes things easier. 

If you are not purchasing a kit, you can browse racking equipment on the AltE website and purchase the different components that make up the racking system. Just make sure they are the proper size for the solar panels you purchase. 

The best way to make ensure your solar installation goes off without a hitch (and uses the proper equipment suited for your specific roof) is to work with a licensed solar installer. 

Get a free quote from top-rated installers near you

Which ground-mount system is best?

A problem with rooftop solar is that it’s heavily constrained by the characteristics of your roof. Homeowners who install ground-mounted solar panels do so for one of three reasons:

1. They have insufficient roof space

2. Their roof faces north - which is bad for panel output

3. They want to optimize the performance of their system

Solar panels produce the most energy when they’re facing south. Depending on the orientation of your house, this isn’t always an option. On a roof, there might be further limitations like shade from surrounding buildings and trees.

Options to choose from include ground mounts that can be secured into the ground or ballasted mounts. Ballasted mounts sit on top of the ground and are not secured in - but are held down by the weight of the panels themselves. Ballasted ground mounts tend to be more popular since there is no drilling required for installation. 

The best options for ground mounts also come from the top brands, Ironridge and Unirac.

Ironridge Ground Mount Systems 

These are built to be long-lasting, flexible, and withstand any weather. They also come with a 25-year warranty. 

Pricing is difficult to pinpoint because it will depend on the size of your solar array, costs of material at the time of purchase, and the fact that many suppliers ask that you request a quote.

Unirac Ground Fixed Tilt 

The Unirac Ground Fixed Tilt is another great choice - it is durable and lightweight and also has a 25-year warranty. Unirac ensures fast shipping times and ease of construction. You can work with a licensed solar installer to determine which ground mount system is best for your terrain and solar panels. 

How much will a solar panel system plus racking and mounting cost?

Including racking and mounting, an average 6kW solar system would cost about $18,000 given the US average solar panel cost of about $3.00 per watt as of January . After applying the federal solar tax credit of 30%, that works out to $12,600.

It is up to you and your energy needs whether or not you want to install solar tracking systems, but generally, installing either roof or ground-mounted solar panels will work for any home. 

Working with licensed installers is the best way to determine which solar panel mount system will work best for your roof. If you research mount brands and have a preference, you can discuss your options with your solar installer. Enter your zip code below to find out the potential savings for installing solar panels with solar panel mounts on your home.

As a solar energy installer, you may find that customers are concerned with how their panels will look on their roofs. And while we know appearance is important, choosing the best panel racking system for their home is also crucial. Did you know that the lion’s share of your time installing a solar system is dedicated to assembling, aligning, and attaching the racking system? Therefore, picking the best solar racking system is critical.

Choosing the solar panel racking system wisely will help keep your projects on schedule and on budget. This can help reduce your installation costs while ensuring happy customers.

You don’t want your solar installation crew fumbling with cumbersome parts while on the roof. 

This can lead to accidents and even injuries. In addition, if you are installing solar PV systems in areas with severe weather, it is also essential to ensure the solar panel racking system can handle these extreme conditions. Let’s explore all you need to know to select the best solar panel racking system for your next solar energy installation.

What Is Solar Panel Racking And Why Is It Important?

A racking system safely affixes solar modules to different surfaces, including roofs, carports, awnings, or the ground. These systems are typically made of metal and set the orientation and tilt angle of a solar array. In areas with a lot of snow, installers often pitch solar power systems at a steeper angle to allow snow to slide off the panels easily. Racking systems help ensure panels are pitched at the optimal angle to capture maximum solar energy.

Solar Panel Racking Systems for Pitched Roofs

Pitched roofs are the most common roof type for residential installations. Solar systems are commonly installed parallel to the roof on angled roofs, with a couple of inches gap between the mounting hardware and the solar PV panels. If the gap is too small, there won’t be proper airflow, and the solar panels can overheat, reducing electricity production.

Solar Panel Racking Systems for Flat Roofs

When installing PV panels on flat roofs, they are often pitched at a steeper angle than the roof itself, compliments of the racking system. Some customers might want to avoid roof penetrations. In such cases, a ballasted system might be a good option. These systems use concrete blocks to weigh the system down instead of anchoring the system to prevent wind lift.

Ground Mounted Solar Panel Racking Systems

It isn’t always possible to install the solar system on the roof. Although it is almost always the lowest-cost option, it is often not possible or advisable. For example, if the roof is heavily shaded or in disrepair, a ground mount might be better suited.

These racking systems typically angle the panel up to lift off the ground and at an ideal angle to avoid shading and optimize solar electricity production. In addition, pole mounts enable the system to have a tracker to follow the sun.

Roof Material

The age and material of the roof also matter. If a client’s roof needs replacement, installers can recommend that the homeowner do so before installing solar panels. Panels can last 20-25 years or more, so it’s important to ensure the viability of the roof’s structure before boots hit the roof. Check out some recommended roofing materials that are particularly well-suited for solar panel roof mounting systems.

Components Of Solar Panel Racking Systems

These systems are composed of several parts, all critical for securing solar panels to the roof.

Roof Flashing for Solar Systems

If roof penetrations are not properly sealed, they will lead to roof leaks. Therefore, flashing, often comprised of an aluminum rectangle, is used to stop water from penetrating into the home or business.

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Keep in mind that flashing varies depending on the type of roof. For example, asphalt shingle roofing is often slid under the shingles. By contrast, standing seam metal roofs don’t require flashing if no roof penetrations are made and the racking system is attached to the roof’s seams.

Solar Panel Roof Mounts

This is the part of the solar racking system that comes in direct contact with the roof. Often, these attach to the roof through flashing, and a bolt attaches to the rafters in the roof. Before installing a solar energy system, ensure the rafters are intact and spaced to secure the project properly.

Rails on Solar Panel Racking Systems

These are long vertical or horizontal aluminum tracks that run along the roof. The solar panels attach directly to rails, and wiring usually runs along the rails, keeping the installation tidy.

Best Solar Panel Racking Systems

Although there are numerous solar panel racking manufacturers, the four brands below lead the way for excellent PV racking solutions.

K2, SnapNrack, Unirac, and IronRidge are all reputable solar racking system manufacturers known for providing durable and efficient solutions. Here's a brief comparison of these four solar racking brands:

IronRidge is a leading provider of solar panel racking systems, offering durable and reliable solutions for residential and commercial solar installations. Its solar racking systems are built to withstand harsh weather conditions while providing flexibility for various roof types.

Strengths:

• Recognized for its robust and durable aluminum and steel components.

• Offers flexibility with adjustable components for various roof types.

• Known for its Wind Tunnel Tested design, ensuring stability in challenging weather conditions.

Considerations:

• While durable, some may find the system to be slightly heavier than alternatives.

K2 Systems offers a versatile range of solar panel racking solutions for both pitched and flat roof installations. With a focus on long-term durability and stability, K2’s solar racking systems are suitable for a wide range of project needs.

Strengths:

• Offers a versatile range of solar panel mounting solutions for various roof types and ground installations.

• Known for robust and durable designs, ensuring long-term stability.

• Provides both pitched roof and flat roof mounting solutions.

Considerations:

• May have a slightly higher initial cost compared to some competitors.

SnapNrack is known for its innovative solar panel racking systems that simplify the installation process, making it a great option for both residential and commercial projects. With a comprehensive product line and an adjustable design, SnapNrack is highly regarded for its user-friendly features.

Strengths:

• Features an innovative design that simplifies installation and reduces overall costs.

• Offers a comprehensive product line for both residential and commercial installations.

• Known for its user-friendly and adjustable design, accommodating different module sizes.

Considerations:

• Some users may prefer a more streamlined aesthetic.

Unirac provides high-quality solar racking systems built to withstand diverse site conditions, making it suitable for installations in areas with high snow or wind loads. Its innovative design minimizes the need for tools, streamlining the installation process while offering exceptional customer support.

Strengths:

• Constructed with high-quality materials and can withstand various site conditions, including high snow and wind loads.

• The innovative design of these racking systems streamlines the installation process by using fewer tools and parts, saving time and reducing overall costs.

• Provides exceptional customer support and assistance to installers, including ongoing solar racking system product support throughout the project lifecycle.

Considerations:

• May have a slightly higher initial cost compared to some competitors.

IronRidge Solar Panel Racking

This solar panel mounting manufacturer produces solutions for flat roofs, pitched roofs, and ground mounts for both residential and commercial applications. Their products range from moderate to extreme load capabilities, and they are known for producing some of the strongest racking systems in the industry. This is especially helpful in extreme climates with large snow loads or high wind loads.

The IronRidge XR100 rail system has 8-foot spanning capabilities and is designed to support heavy loads. It is easy to assemble, especially for new solar installers, because it requires minimal tools and parts. For example, only three socket sizes are needed to assemble the rack, and it is fast, safe, and easy.

In addition, the IronRidge XR100 has flashing attachments for nearly every roof type, making it easy to install and highly durable. The racking systems are made of aluminum alloy, which is excellent for the installer because it is lightweight yet very robust.

All IronRidge solar panel racking systems come with a 25-year warranty and are listed under UL, the standard for evaluating the efficacy of mounting systems as they relate to electrical and mechanical connections.

K2 Solar Racking Systems

Founded in , this solar panel racking specialist serves the international market with various options for flat, tile, corrugated fiber concrete, trapezoidal sheet metal, standing and round seam roofs, and ground mount systems. It serves the residential, commercial, and utility-scale markets across the globe. They even offer some shared rail systems that reduce how many rails need to be installed, allowing solar modules to share rails.

Previously known as Everest Solar Systems, the company can customize solar panel racking solutions if its standard products don’t accommodate them. It has provided racking solutions worldwide for over 20 gigawatts of solar energy capacity. Their online design tool allows customers to “build” solar panel racking systems for their projects and can connect directly with GreenLancer for the next steps of the installation.

SnapNRack Solar Panel Racking Systems for Roof Mounts

This solution contains a snap-in system to attach the rails for easy installation. This system makes it easy to mix module orientation for greater energy production. SunRun owns the company and produces residential roof and ground-mount racking systems but not commercial PV racking.

The company claims to have the largest span capability of any light rail solution. Also, it has the first railless system to earn Miami-Dade NOA approval. These are highly stringent due to the area’s high susceptibility to high-velocity hurricanes.

Unirac Solar Racking Systems

Unirac is a leading manufacturer of solar panel racking systems, offering versatile solutions for flat roofs, pitched roofs, and ground mounts. Their product line caters to both residential and commercial applications with racking systems that support moderate to extreme loads. Unirac is known for producing robust racking solutions, ideal for areas with heavy snow or high wind conditions.

The Unirac SolarMount system is engineered for efficiency and durability. This solar panel racking system allows for quick and easy installation, making it popular among both new and experienced solar installers. The system requires minimal tools and parts, with a simplified hardware kit that ensures a fast, safe, and straightforward setup. The use of high-quality aluminum alloy makes the racking system lightweight yet strong, enhancing performance and longevity.

How Much Do Solar Panel Mounting Systems Typically Cost?

According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the racking system commonly costs about $0.10 per watt. However, ground mount systems cost more than rooftop solar systems because of additional hardware, permitting, and installation costs. The good news is that if your clients qualify for the federal solar tax credit, they can apply it to the cost of racking equipment and installation costs. The credit is now 30% for systems installed before .

Solar Panel Racking System Materials

Solar racking systems are typically constructed using durable materials designed to withstand various environmental conditions over an extended period. Some of the best materials commonly used in high-quality solar panel racking systems include:

1. Aluminum: Aluminum is a popular choice for solar panel racking due to its lightweight nature, corrosion resistance, and strength-to-weight ratio. It is well-suited for outdoor applications and can endure exposure to harsh weather conditions without rusting or corroding.

2. Stainless Steel: Stainless steel is valued for its excellent corrosion resistance, making it ideal for solar racking in coastal or corrosive environments. It offers durability and strength, ensuring long-term stability and reliability for solar installations.

3. Galvanized Steel: Galvanized steel is often used for ground-mount solar panel racking. It undergoes a galvanization process that adds a protective zinc coating, enhancing its resistance to corrosion and extending its lifespan, particularly in areas with high humidity or salt exposure.

4. UV-Resistant Plastics: Some solar racking components, such as end caps and cable management clips, may be made from UV-resistant plastics. These materials help protect against degradation caused by prolonged exposure to sunlight, ensuring the longevity of the racking system.

5. Anodized Coatings: Many aluminum components of solar racking systems are treated with anodized coatings to enhance their durability and resistance to corrosion. Anodizing creates a protective layer on the surface of the aluminum solar panel racking system, improving its lifespan and maintaining its appearance over time.
   

Solar Panel Racking FAQs

Read on to get answers to common questions about solar panel racking systems.

How do I choose the right solar racking system?

Consider factors such as roof type, local weather conditions, load-bearing capacity, and solar panel specifications. Choosing a solar racking system that complements your installation needs is helpful because it can reduce your labor expenses and save time.

Do solar panel racking systems impact PV module efficiency?

Solar panel racking systems can impact the efficiency of a solar installation by optimizing panel orientation and tilt for maximum sunlight exposure. Well-designed systems also provide proper ventilation, prevent overheating, and ensure panels operate at peak performance. The correct spacing and mounting angle contribute to overall efficiency, making racking systems an integral part of a solar energy system's effectiveness and longevity.

What maintenance is required for solar panel racking systems?

Solar racking is generally low-maintenance, but periodic inspections for debris, vegetation, or damage are recommended. Tightening bolts and ensuring the structural integrity of the solar racking system can contribute to its long-term performance.

Choosing The Best Solar Racking System Is Paramount

IronRidge, K2, Unirac, and SnapNRack all make quality solar panel mounting systems with excellent warranties. Many solar contractors get accustomed to a particular system, and they prefer it because they become more efficient at designing and installing systems with that specific equipment. Ultimately, choosing the ideal racking system depends on the property, local climate, and installer preference, but these options are a great place to start your search.

Once you’ve designed the racking system layout for a client, work with GreenLancer to streamline the required solar permitting and engineering processes. Complete the form below to learn more!