Pyrolysis Furnaces - Heat treatment - Carbolite Gero

During this process the sample is heated to a predefined temperature. A multi-step process is employed which lets the sample dwell at different stages. The heat causes chemical bonds to break, resulting in the formation of smaller molecules. The key feature of pyrolysis is that it occurs in an oxygen-free environment. Without oxygen, samples do not burn and instead form useful byproducts.

The efficiency and the outcome of pyrolysis is influenced by factors such as temperature, heating rate, dwell time and type of material being used. A good temperature uniformity is vital, to prevent high defect density within the sample. Heating too quickly can lead to an increase in expansion rates, potentially damaging the sample and the afterburner by obstructing the conversion of organic compounds into NOx, CO2, and H2O.

Physicochemical changes occurring during heat treatment can be studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This measurement records mass loss as a function of temperature or constant heating rate. TGA Equipment: Thermal Analyzers for thermo-analytic processes - ELTRA

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Abstract

Loy Yang lignite was pyrolyzed under nitrogen atmosphere in a tube furnace. The changes in physicochemical properties during low-temperature pyrolysis process and their effects on water re-adsorption capacity were investigated. All the samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, N2 adsorption–desorption analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, equilibrium water contents (EWCs) across a range of relative humidities (RHs) were measured. The results showed that oxygen-containing functional groups continuously decreased in the temperature range of 180–300°C; in contrast, pore volume increased mainly due to the release of volatiles. Note that the pore volume of the sample treated at 300°C increased substantially relative to those of the other samples. Furthermore, the EWCs of the treated samples decreased compared with that of raw lignite. For the microscopic description of the process, at low RHs the decrease in oxygen-containing functional groups corresponds to the decrease in EWC. At high RHs the competitive effects of the decrease in oxygen-containing functional groups and increase in pore volume account for the changes in EWC.

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