What Are The Uses of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) In Manufacturing And ...
What Are The Uses of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) In Manufacturing And ...
Polyvinyl Alcohol, or PVA, is a popular synthetic polymer used in various industries due to its chemical properties. PVA has versatile characteristics that demonstrate its ability to be utilized in several applications in various industries.
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In general, PVA is widely recognized for its use in the construction industry, textile industry, papermaking, and many others. Looking at the composition of PVA, it is a synthetic water-soluble polymer with a chemical formula (C2H4O)n. Polyvinyl alcohol is primarily a non-toxic chemical compound and it is odorless.
In this blog, we will explore the uses of PVA in the construction and manufacturing sectors. This will help you understand its wide applications and its versatility. Keep reading to get insights on PVA.
Uses of Polyvinyl Alcohol
Due to the adaptability and amazing properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol, it has many applications in various industries. Let’s explore them one by one.
1. PVA in Cement and Concrete Mixes
In this day and age, the construction industry has recognized the importance of PVA in concrete mixes. PVA is generally known for fluidity, cohesion and reduces the drying period of concrete resulting in early strength and durability of the concrete. Therefore, it is used in various construction projects like roads, multistorey buildings, malls, and concrete columns, etc.
Additionally, PVA has waterproofing capabilities due to its sealant nature. Therefore, it is used in construction projects effectively to reduce the high risk of water damage. For instance, infrastructure projects near lakes or water bodies often use PVA for waterproofing.
PVA is formulated to improve the functionality of mortar and concrete resulting in an improved version of concrete. It can be easily mixed with all types of organic solvents but is not soluble in animal and plant grease or oil.
2. PVA as an Adhesive
Due to PVA’s strong bonding characteristics, it is used in wood, paper, and construction industries. It is utilized to bond various materials together tightly. Whenever PVA is used as an adhesive, it offers the strongest and most durable bond that can face diverse conditions effectively.
As PVA is water-soluble, it is commonly used, whereas you can easily wash it off with water. Thus, it is highly soluble in water. After its use, you can easily clean the area and make it aesthetically pleasing.
3. PVA in Textile Finishing
PVA is highly used in the textile industry due to its function as a textile finishing agent. When it is used in textiles, it effectively enhances the durability and strength of the fabrics resulting in a longer life of cloths. It actively creates a fine barrier on the material that prevents it from the wear and tear of fabrics. Therefore, PVA is used in heavy-use fabrics like the upholstery industries.
Furthermore, PVA can be found in natural fibers such as cotton and polyesters i.e., synthetic fibers. This example shows the versatility of the PVA and it works on both natural and synthetic materials. Therefore, PVA is heavily used in the textile industry to improve the durability and strength of fabric materials.
4. PVA in Papermaking
Polyvinyl Alcohol is often used as a binder in papermaking. As a result, it greatly improves the strength and durability of the final product. You can easily find the PVA application in the packaging and printing sector due to its versatile properties.
The papermaking process involves PVA addition leading to create stronger bonds between paper fibers. Due to these outstanding results, paper manufacturers focus on producing papers that can tolerate more wear and tear. As a result, paper products treated with PVA are more durable and have an extended lifespan.
5. PVA in Ceramics
You must be aware of the fragile nature of ceramic products and how easily they break. Given this scenario, PVA has been a revolutionary agent, which enhances durability and makes the ceramic product stronger.
Nevertheless, ceramic products like tiles and pottery tolerate heavy use and frequent wear and tear. This quality in ceramics is achieved by the PVA during its ceramic product manufacturing. In general, ceramic industries use the PVA to make products that are highly durable and long-lasting.
6. PVA in Water-Soluble films
Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water soluble polymer and it is highly effective in applications where the film requires quick and easy removal. PVA is used in food packaging, laundry detergent pods, and agricultural films.
Another excellent property of PVA is that it is environmentally friendly and biodegradable making it an eco-friendly polymer. Therefore, it is considered a more sustainable choice as compared to traditional plastic films. This highlights that PVA is a highly used polymer film instead of plastic film.
7. PVA in Personal Care Products
In reality every person has own brand of choice when it comes to personal care products. If a person prefers thicker shampoo then there is no guarantee that others will also prefer the same, he/she may choose a thinner one as well. Personal care product manufacturers incorporate PVA as a thickening agent to achieve the desired viscosity and consistency. This ensures the final product is more user-friendly.
Additionally, PVA is highly useful for products that are made to apply on particular areas. That’s why PVA is often used as a gel thickener, film-former, and binding agent. You’ll find it in products like lotions, conditioners, shampoos, and peel-off masks.
8. PVA in the Printing Industry
Polyvinyl Alcohol is used as a printing medium by various printing enterprises. In printing, the PVA is applied on the printing surface to hold the ink well. This helps prevent the ink from smearing or smudging, resulting in sharp, clear, and easy-to-read prints.
PVA is highly useful in industries where high-quality printing is necessary, such as packaging and label manufacturing. Additionally, it dries quickly, making it an even more efficient polymer to use in printing.
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Presenting Our Game Changer Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA-)
Our Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA-) is formulated by Sakshi Chem Sciences Pvt Ltd. It is a synthetic water soluble polymer that is partially hydrolyzed to offer the best results in various industrial processes.
In the construction industry, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA ) is a chemical additive to be added to mortar and cement. It improves the fluidity and cohesion of construction materials. Our ready-to-use PVA can be used for dry mix mortar, dry powder putty, wood adhesives/glue, and gypsum products.
To sum up, Polyvinyl Alcohol has diverse uses in various industries including manufacturing and construction industries. You can easily find PVA in your daily life like in personal care products, adhesives, ceramics, and many others. Thus, making it one of the most versatile materials.
Polyvinyl alcohol - Wikipedia
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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n. It is used in papermaking, textile warp sizing, as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing. It is colourless (white) and odorless. It is commonly supplied as beads or as solutions in water.[3][4] Without an externally added crosslinking agent, PVA solution can be gelled through repeated freezing-thawing, yielding highly strong, ultrapure, biocompatible hydrogels which have been used for a variety of applications such as vascular stents, cartilages, contact lenses, etc.[5]
Although polyvinyl alcohol is often referred to by the acronym PVA, more generally PVA refers to polyvinyl acetate, which is commonly used as a wood adhesive and sealer.
Uses
[edit]PVA is used in a variety of medical applications because of its biocompatibility, low tendency for protein adhesion, and low toxicity. Specific uses include cartilage replacements, contact lenses, laundry detergent pods and eye drops.[6] Polyvinyl alcohol is used as an aid in suspension polymerizations. Its largest application in China is its use as a protective colloid to make PVAc dispersions. In Japan its major use is the production of Vinylon fiber.[7] This fiber is also manufactured in North Korea for self-sufficiency reasons, because no oil is required to produce it. Another application is photographic film.[8]
PVA-based polymers are used widely in additive manufacturing. For example, 3D printed oral dosage forms demonstrate great potential in the pharmaceutical industry. It is possible to create drug-loaded tablets with modified drug-release characteristics where PVA is used as a binder substance.[9]
Medically, PVA-based microparticles have received FDA 510(k) approval to be used as embolisation particles to be used for peripheral hypervascular tumors.[10] It may also used as the embolic agent in a Uterine Fibroid Embolectomy (UFE).[11] In biomedical engineering research, PVA has also been studied for cartilage, orthopaedic applications,[12] and potential materials for vascular graft.[13]
PVA is commonly used in household sponges that absorb more water than polyurethane sponges.[citation needed]
PVA may be used as an adhesive during preparation of stool samples for microscopic examination in pathology.[14]
Polyvinyl acetals
[edit]Polyvinyl acetals are prepared by treating PVA with aldehydes. Butyraldehyde and formaldehyde afford polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl formal (PVF), respectively. Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the US and Western Europe.
Preparation
[edit]Unlike most vinyl polymers, PVA is not prepared by polymerization of the corresponding monomer, since the monomer, vinyl alcohol, is thermodynamically unstable with respect to its tautomerization to acetaldehyde. Instead, PVA is prepared by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate,[3] or sometimes other vinyl ester-derived polymers with formate or chloroacetate groups instead of acetate. The conversion of the polyvinyl esters is usually conducted by base-catalysed transesterification with ethanol:
- [CH2CH(OAc)]n + C2H5OH → [CH2CH(OH)]n + C2H5OAc
The properties of the polymer are affected by the degree of transesterification.
Worldwide consumption of polyvinyl alcohol was over one million metric tons in .[7]
Structure and properties
[edit]PVA is an atactic material that exhibits crystallinity. In terms of microstructure, it is composed mainly of 1,3-diol linkages [−CH2−CH(OH)−CH2−CH(OH)−], but a few percent of 1,2-diols [−CH2−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−CH2−] occur, depending on the conditions for the polymerization of the vinyl ester precursor.[3]
Polyvinyl alcohol has excellent film-forming, emulsifying and adhesive properties. It is also resistant to oil, grease and solvents. It has high tensile strength and flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier properties. However, these properties are dependent on humidity: water absorbed at higher humidity levels acts as a plasticiser, which reduces the polymer's tensile strength, but increases its elongation and tear strength.
Safety and environmental considerations
[edit]Polyvinyl alcohol is widely used, thus its toxicity and biodegradation are of interest. Tests showed that fish (guppies) are not harmed, even at a poly(vinyl alcohol) concentration of 500 mg/L of water.[3]
The biodegradability of PVA is affected by the molecular weight of the sample.[3] Aqueous solutions of PVA degrade faster, which is why PVA grades that are highly water-soluble tend to have a faster biodegradation.[15] Not all PVA grades are readily biodegradable, but studies show that high water-soluble PVA grades such as the ones used in detergents can be readily biodegradable according to OECD screening test conditions.[16]
Orally administered PVA is relatively harmless.[17] The safety of polyvinyl alcohol is based on some of the following observations:[17]
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- The acute oral toxicity of polyvinyl alcohol is very low, with LD(50)s in the range of 15-20 g/kg;
- Orally administered PVA is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract;
- PVA does not accumulate in the body when administered orally;
- Polyvinyl alcohol is not mutagenic or clastogenic
See also
[edit]- Polyvinyl nitrate
- Vinyl acetate
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