What is the Advantage and Disadvantage of Heavy Load Lowbed Trailer

Oversized items are often large and heavy. This poses a great challenge for transport. When arranging a transport solution, it is important to consider how to load the oversized items onto the transport vehicle smoothly. Also, ensure that they will not shake or move during transport to prevent damage to the goods or safety hazards. This is where a reliable means of transport becomes very important, and the low bed trailer is a great choice.

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Low bed trailers are favored for their superior stability and safety, and are especially suited for transporting large machinery such as tractors, excavators, backhoe loaders, bulldozers, and other heavy equipment. They are typically capable of carrying up to 12 feet and range in weight from 18 to 36 tons, with some of the custom models offered by Truckman even carrying over 45 tons of overweight equipment. The low-bed design not only makes the loading and unloading process smoother, it also effectively lowers the center of gravity, reducing the risk of rollover during transport.

Depending on the transportation needs, it is important to choose the right type of low bed trailer. Standard low bed trailers are suitable for the transportation of most heavy equipment, while telescopic low bed trailers offer more flexibility for the transportation of very long equipment. Hydraulic low bed trailers simplify loading and unloading in complex terrain.

Ideal for the transportation of oversized items, low bed trailers are designed for superior load-carrying capacity and safety, ensuring the safe and efficient transportation of heavy equipment while reducing transportation costs and time.

Length: low bed trailers are typically between 40 feet and 53 feet in length, which is capable of accommodating most heavy equipment transportation needs. For situations where extra-long items need to be transported, extendable low bed trailers can be extended to lengths of 70 feet or more to accommodate special transportation requirements.

Width: Standard low bed trailers are typically 8.5 feet wide, which meets the standards for most over-the-road shipments. In cases where more space is required, the width can be extended to 10 feet or wider, although special transportation permits may be required in such cases to ensure compliance with local road regulations.

Height: The height of the low bed section is usually between 18 feet and 24 feet, a design that ensures a lower center of gravity for transported items and is suitable for loads up to 12 feet. The total height of the entire body plus cargo is typically no more than 13.5 feet to comply with road height restrictions in most areas.

Load capacity: The standard load capacity of lowboy trailers usually ranges from 18 to 36 tons, while for extra-heavy equipment transport tasks, some special models can even exceed 45 tons, ensuring that they can cope with the most demanding transport needs.

1. Higher load capacity: Our TRUCKMAN brand low bed trailer main beam and side beam adopt Q550 high strength steel. This increases the loading capacity compared to Q355 manganese steel. The Q550 steel has a yield strength of 550Mpa. The chemical composition of this steel ensures greater stability.

2. Lower loading height: The low bed trailer chassis has a concave beam design. This design reduces the loading height of the trailer, improving loading and offloading safety.

3. Flexibility and adaptability: Low bed trailer have a good flexibility and adaptability. First, its lower chassis ensures that the transported goods can pass through many roads with limited height. It is very adaptable. Secondly, the sturdy chassis can ensure that it can drive on the bad roads and can guarantee the carrying capacity. Thirdly, loading and unloading of goods is very convenient. Goods can be loaded and unloaded from the front or rear of the low bed trailer.

4. Economic benefits:A low bed trailer is not much more expensive than a regular flatbed trailer, but it can pull more cargo. TRUCKMAN uses many famous brand parts. As a result, the maintenance cost of a low bed trailer will not be very high.

1. Buyer’s guide: First, customers need to clarify the size and weight of the transported goods. Additionally, they should confirm the brand of accessories used in the low bed trailer. Customers should try to choose a highly recognized brand. Not only does this ensure quality, but it can also save money on maintenance. Good quality spare parts are also easy to find on the market.Learn more about parts and accessory selection tips and how to optimize your low-bed semi-trailer options in our parts and accessory selection guide.

2. Supplier selection: Choosing the right low bed trailer supplier is very important. Customers need to know the supplier’s production process, accessories brand, and reputation. TRUCKMAN is a low bed trailer specialist using many advanced production processes, such as automatic submerged arc welding technology. We cooperate with many famous accessory manufacturers, such as TRIANGLE brand tyres. TUCKMAN’s low bed trailers are recognized by our customers. They are sold in over 80 countries and by more than 20 agents.

At Truckman, as a manufacturer of low bed trailers, we are committed to providing the best solutions for heavy equipment transportation. Our common types of low bed trailers include fixed gooseneck low bed trailers and detachable gooseneck low bed trailers.

Fixed Gooseneck Lowboy Trailers

Our fixed gooseneck lowboy trailers, also often referred to as low bed trailers, feature a stable fixed gooseneck structure. This design makes the trailer more stable during attachment and transportation, making it suitable for transporting large, heavy equipment such as excavators and bulldozers. Due to its low-bed design, the trailer has a lower loading height, which can effectively reduce the overall transportation height and ensure compliance with road height restrictions. However, as the gooseneck section is fixed, additional ramps or lifting equipment may be required for loading and unloading equipment.

Detachable Gooseneck Low Chassis Trailers

Our Removable Gooseneck Lowboy Trailers, or RGN Trailers for short, have a flexible design with a removable gooseneck. This design allows equipment to be loaded and unloaded directly from the front without the need for additional ramps or lifting equipment, making it ideal for the transportation of large equipment that needs to be loaded and unloaded frequently. The RGN trailer can also be adjusted in length and configuration according to the customer’s needs to cope with a wide range of complex transportation tasks.

Low-bed trailers not only solve various challenges in transportation but also improve economic efficiency. They expand the range of transportation, reduce transportation costs, and help customers save money during transportation. We always advise our customers to choose the right low bed trailer according to the size and weight of the cargo to ensure the safety and economy of the transportation process.

What Are the Benefits of Low Bed Trailers?

Is your transport fleet in need of hauling solutions that are well suited to hauling oversized freight such as heavy equipment, vehicles, and more? Low bed (also known as lowboys) trailers are a versatile option that grants multiple benefits to commercial haulers. As one of Canada’s top suppliers of trailers and hauling equipment.

What is a Low-Bed Trailer?

As the name suggests, low-bed (or lowboy) trailers are models that have a lower profile compared to other units facilitated by a drop deck design. This lower profile makes it possible to haul oversized items or equipment that exceeds normal height restrictions. Low bed trailers are particularly helpful when it comes to transporting extremely heavy loads that would risk unbalancing other trailers and both howo 6x4 dump truck0s, as well as mechanical and hydraulic units, offer superior stability no matter your payload.

Applications

Lowboy trailers have a wide range of applications spanning multiple industries. Because of their compatibility with heavy loads, they are a go-to choice for those in the oil & gas, mining, agriculture, construction, forestry, and related industries. Low bed trailers can be used with rail cars, machinery, construction assets, and other loads that would otherwise be difficult to haul, saving you time and money while delivery the resources you need on-site.

Benefits

As we mentioned above, there are multiple benefits to hauling with lowboy trailers, two of which include:

Stability

Lowboys are designed to have a lower centre of gravity, which in turns grants better stability compared to other styles of trailers. Combined with a wider cargo plane, you can count on low beds to keep your products safe during transport.

Versatile

In addition to enhanced stability, low bed trailers are popular due to their versatile and adaptable Design. Created to handle the heaviest loads with ease, lowboys are well equipped to take on oversized equipment and stock without compromising safety standards or putting either driver or cargo at risk. The low profile of these trailers makes it easy to stay compliant with height regulations and to transport resources from site to site with minimal difficulties.

Low Bed Trailer Ultimate Guide – What is a Lowboy/Lowbed Trailer?

Have you ever seen a trailer carrying 150 tons or more? How would you transport huge machinery, an excavator, or a crane from one location to another?

Would you like to know more about a trailer that can transport such heavy loads? Have you heard of a lowbed trailer (lowboy trailer) and its capacity to transport up to 150 tons?

In this guide, you will learn everything about a low bed trailer. We will show how you can choose the best low bed trailer / lowbed trailer for your business. You can follow this guide and purchase a cost-effective lowboy/low bed trailer from China.

Lowbed trailers have different capacities, such as 20 T/tons, 30 T/tons, 50 T/tons, 70 T/tons, 80 T/tons and 100 T/tons, 120 T/tons, 150 T/tons. Each type use different number of axles from 2, 3, 4 axles to 7, 8 axles.

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This guide has a detailed discussion on the structure of a low bed trailer / lowbed trailer, its components, and quality control process. We discuss different types of low bed trailers and the advantages of each type.

You will also learn the manufacturing process of the heavy transporters.

Low bed trailers are used in different industries including heavy-cargo transportation and trucking among others. The trailers are referred to as lowboys in some countries. Others consider the hydraulic axles modular trailer as a low bed trailer.

Modular Transporter Ultimate Guide (SPMT and Modular Trailer) is available now, get more details about  hydraulic low bed trailer.

This guide does not cover a hydraulic trailer. We will release another complete handbook with all the details you need about a hydraulic module trailer. This guide focuses on low bed trailers without hydraulic suspension.

If you have just joined the logistics industries, you will benefit from this handbook. We will give you all the information on how the low loaders technology works.

New guide book: Tank Trailer Guide Book – Learn All about Tanker Trailers

(Download Free) 

Chapter 1: What is a low bed trailer?

A low bed trailer is a heavy-duty vehicle that is to transport heavy, wide, and tall cargo. In this chapter, you will learn:

The history of low bed trailers

Applications and advantages of low bed trailers

Different types of low bed trailers with detailed pictures for each type

Different structures of low bed trailers with pictures of all the components

Load capacity calculation

This chapter has all the basic information about the heavy-duty trailers. Here are some pictures of different types of low bed trailers.

1.1 The History of Low Bed Trailers

The first low bed trailer was manufactured in the s. This first model had a riveted gooseneck that would be attached to a truck from the front part of the trailer.

The model had solid rubber tires on the rear part. It could only be loaded from the rear part. The design limited the method of loading heavy cargo. Operable equipment would be driven onto the deck of the trailer over the rubber back tires.

A better model of low boy trailers was introduced in the s. The loading capacity of the improved model was higher and loading heavy equipment on the deck was easier.

The trailers with a detachable gooseneck were introduced in . The design made loading the deck even easier. The first model could only be loaded from the back because of the riveted gooseneck.

The new models introduced in the s could be loaded front the front.

The detachable gooseneck trailers back then operated in the same way as the current models of RGN trailers. The design eliminated the need for loading ramps in low boy trailers.

Low bed trailers have evolved over the year to include hydraulic systems. A hydraulic ram is used in modern trailers to lift the trailer to meet the unit after loading.

Modern models of low bed trailers have air breaks, which were missing in old models. The lowboy can be towed by trucks.

1.2 Applications and Advantages of Low Bed Trailers

Applications

Low bed trailers are used to transport heavy cargo is different industries. Here are most common uses of the heavy-duty trailers.

Heavy vehicles: Vehicle manufactures use low bed trailers to transport heavy vehicles from one showroom to another. The transporters are used to move the vehicles from the port to showrooms and sometimes to clients.

Some of the heavy vehicles that low bed trailers transport include buses, tractors, and special vehicles. A low bed trailers can transport stacks of small vehicles at the same time.

Rail vehicles: There are different categories of rail vehicles including road-rail vehicles, goods wagon, locomotives, and rail motor coach among others.

The common characteristic of these vehicles is that they are heavy and bulky. Low bed trailers are among the best ways to transport rail vehicles.

Mining machinery: Mining requires heavy machinery for drilling and transporting materials including crude oil and minerals. The machinery is assembled offsite and then transported to the mining sites using low bed trailers.

The heavy haulers are preferred because the structure of mining machinery. Mining equipment is perhaps the heaviest cargo that machinery manufacturers transport on the road.

Forestry machinery: The forestry industry uses heavy machinery as well. Heavy equipment is required to cut down and transport logs. Sometimes the logs are processed into timber and other by-products at the site before transporting the products.

The machinery is manufactured assembly halls or imported before it is transported to the forest. Low bed trailers are used to move the forestry machinery from the assembly to the forests.

The wheels of the trailers can navigate the rough terrain in forests. Low bed trailers are also used to move forestry machinery from one forest to another or back to assembly halls after a project is completed.

Agricultural machinery: Agriculture is another field that uses heavy machinery. The machinery is mostly used for large-scale farming. Such large farms are located far from towns and cities.

The major agricultural machinery that low bed trailers transport includes loaders, excavators, bulldozers, cranes, and pavers. The heavy trailers can navigate muddy agricultural farms and move machinery from one farm to another.

Construction: Low bed trailers are used in the construction industry as well. The heavy duty vehicles are commonly used in the construction of roads and bridges.

Some construction equipment and blocks cannot be transported with the normal semi-trailers. Low bed trailers are used to transport concrete blocks to the construction sites.

The blocks are not only heavy but also large. Constructors use the trailers to transports materials in bulk such as cement and beams

Windmill components: The components of windmills are usually assembly in a factory and then transported to their sites. Similar to other heavy cargo, the components are wide and heavy.

The components cannot fit on a closed trailer because of their design and structure. Lowboy trailers are efficient way of transport these components to their site.

Low bed trailers are not only used to transport machinery and vehicle but all categories of heavy loads. For instance, finished products from these industries are packed in containers and stacked on lowboys for transportation.

The transporters can move stacks of heavy containers without toppling over. Hence, many manufacturers prefer to transported finished products to retailers with low bed trailers.

Advantages of low bed trailers

Low bed trailers are widely used in different sectors because of their advantages over other heavy transporters. The main advantages are outlined below.

Stability

The deck of the lowboys is extremely compared to other heavy haulers. A low-lying deck means that the center of gravity is low. Hence, low bed trainers are more stable when transporting heavy cargo than trailers.

One of the ways of increasing stability is widening the base of support. This is possible with low bed trailers because the cargo plane width can be widened. The trailers remain stable on the road irrespective of the height and weight of the cargo.

Safety

Low bed trailers are specifically designed to carry heavy loads. The trailers are made of high-strength materials that can withstand pressure of up to 700mpa.

In addition, the height of the main beams can be as high as 550mm. Hence, manufacturers are assured of the safety of their equipment and products during the transportation process. Below is a picture of the heavy beams that are used to make low bed trailers:

A full discussion of all components and materials used to make low bed trailers follows in Chapter 2.2.1.

Complying with height restrictions

Some countries have laws that restrict the height of cargo that can be transported on the road.

Low bed trailers offer companies a solution to transport extra tall equipment safely without breaking the laws.

Loading tall equipment on a trailer is often a huge challenge to transport companies.

Some types of low bed trailers allow the user to lower the rear part, which makes loading heavy cargo easier and safer.

More details about different types of low bed trailers including the detachable trailers are outlined in the next section.

Versatility

One reason why many companies buy low bed trailers is that they are versatile. The trailers can heavy loads and over-width cargo. In most cases, heavy machinery and equipment are extra wide.

The structure of low bed trailers enable companies to transport such wide cargo easily. Remember that trailers can handle extra tall cargo as well.

A company that handles different types of cargo does not need to buy different trailers for each category.  A low bed trailer can transport any type of goods as long as the goods are packaged appropriately.

All that transporters worry about after buying a low bed trailer is how to maintain it in good condition.

Learn More:

Specs and capacity of low bed/lowboy trailer

How To Keep Cargo Stable On A Low Bed Trailer

Low Bed Trailer Wiki

1.3 Different Types of Low Bed Trailers

Ordinary low bed trailer

An ordinary low bed trailer has a flat plate type, that is, the cargo plate is a flatbed. The trailer has only one drop, which is after the goose-neck as shown in the picture below.

The trailer is used to transport normal heavy cargo. It cannot transport cargo with a high height as other trailers. This type of trailer has a higher working platform than other low bed trailers because of the flat plate type.

The position of the working platform explains its limitations in transporting cargo with a high height.

A standard two-axle low bed trailers can transport up to 40,000 pounds. However, it is possible to increase the load capacity by increasing the number of axles.

The load capacity will also depend on the model. Some factories produce standard low bed trailers with additional axles depending on the customer’s needs. You can request for a customized standard trailer depending on the type of cargo.

Advantages

One of the benefits of using the ordinary low bed trailer is that it is cost-effective. The trailer is cheaper than other heavy-duty trailers.

Another advantage is that the cargo platform is longer. The second half of the ordinary low bed trailers can be used as a cargo platform. The picture below shows this second part that extends the cargo platform.

Low loader trailer

This type of a trailer is also referred to as a double drop deck trailer. The main characteristic of the trailer is that it has a lower cargo platform.

Its cargo platform is positioned lower than the rear half of the trailer. The structure of the cargo platform is call a staircase structure or a concave beam.

Advantages

The main advantage of the low loader trailer is high stability. The staircase structure lowers the height of the cargo center, which increases stability during transportation. 

The trailer is commonly used to move heavy equipment and cargo with a high height. It is best suited in countries that have strict height restrictions. Below is are pictures of a double drop deck trailer.

Removable gooseneck trailers (RGN trailers) and folding gooseneck trailers

RGN trailers have the same staircase structure at the real part as the low loader trailers. The major difference in these trailers is that the gooseneck can be removed.

RGN trailers are used for transporting heavy equipment and machinery. When using an ordinary low bed trailer, the heavy cargo is loaded from the rear part. However, the cargo is loaded from the front part when using a RGN trailer.

Loading heavy cargo from the front is possible because the gooseneck is removable. Folding gooseneck trailers offer the same convenience of loading cargo from the front.

The difference with RGN trailers is in the movement of the gooseneck. Both RGN and folding gooseneck trailers do not have rear ladders as other trailers. 

There are two major types of detachable gooseneck trailers. The first type is the hydraulic RGN trailer. It is the easiest and fastest to detach compared to other types of detachable gooseneck trailers.

The hydraulic RGN is versatile and the most common type of low boy trailers.  The trailer uses hydraulic cylinders to detach the gooseneck. The cylinder lower and raise the trailer as required when loading cargo.

The hydraulic RGN trailer has a small cylinder that attaches the gooseneck to the truck. Heavy cargo can be driven from the front part to the deck of the trailer when the gooseneck is detached. 

Hydraulic RGN trailers can be operated from the truck auxilliary. An alternative way is to run from a pony motor that can be mounted in the gooseneck of the RGN trailer. The shortcoming of hydraulics is that they are heavy and have a shorter deck length.

The second type of RGN trailers is the mechanical detachable goosneck trailer. Raising and lowering the trailer in this type is harder and slower compared to the hydraulics.

The main advantage of mechanical RGN trailers is that they are lighter and cheaper. In addition, they have a longer decking that makes them suitable for long and heavy cargo.

Many of the folding gooseneck trailers are mechanical. In the case of folding gooseneck trailers, the deck folds down to the ground. Hydraulic detachable goosenecks have more maintenance needs than mechanical detachabel goosenecks.

The hydraulic system increase the maintenance needs and costs. The ease and speed of loading cargo come at an additional cost of maintain the hydraulic system.

Transporting bulldozer by detachable goosneck trailer

Advantages

Why should you choose a removable or folding goose-neck trailer instead of other low bed trailers?

One benefit is that loading heavy from the front is safer than loading from the rear part or from the sides.

Loading from the back is unsafe especially when moving heavy equipment.

The rear part has a staircase structure. Hence, a long ladder is required to load heavy equipment.

The heavy cargo may fall off the ladder or from the rear part to the cargo platform.

Such falls will damage the equipment or cargo even before they are transported. 

Read More:

Detachable gooseneck for trailers and the like

Folding gooseneck trailer

Difference between Lowboy Trailer and RGN trailer – What is RGN trailer?

The Difference between Removable Gooseneck Trailer and Folding Gooseneck Trailer

1.4 Different Structures of Low Bed Trailers

There are different types of low bed trailers as outlined above. However, low bed trailers have different structures as well. Hence, you may find the same type of trailers with different structures. There are four main structures of low bed trailers.

First, The differentiating factor in this structure is the number of main beams. The trailer may have 2 or 3 beams depending on the load capacity. 3 beams may be used to enhance the safety of the cargo. Below is an illustration of a 3-beam trailer:

Second, Most low bed trailers have an iron plate, which is strong and durable. However, some countries prefer to use wooden boards instead of iron plate.

The main reason for using a wooden board is to reduce the total weight of the trailer. Here is an example of a low bed trailer with a wood board.

Third, Sometimes the cargo that needs to be transported requires the dimensions of the low bed trailers to be adjusted. The cargo may be wide or long.

This structure is different from others in that the trailer’s board can be widened to carry a wide cargo. Trailers with this structure have a widening device on the side as shown in the picture below:

Fourth, The tires of a low bed trailer can either be exposed or unexposed.  The main purpose of exposing the tires is to reduce the height of the trailer.

The practice is common in countries with strict height restrictions. Unexposed tires are common in countries with no height limitations. Here is a picture of a trailer with unexposed tires:

Here is an example of a low bed trailer with exposed tires:

1.5 Load Capacity Calculation

The best way to purchase a low bed trailer is to consult an engineer. The professional help of an engineer will guide you in determining the load capacity of the trailer.

Your first consideration when buying a low bed trailer is the maximum weight that you intend to transfer with the trailer. The right trailer should have the capacity to transport that weight.

However, you will not always get quick feedback from an engineer. Here is the method to use to calculate the load capacity without an engineer:

Maximum load capacity = number of axles x each axle’s load capacity + the load capacity of the towing truck

This formula enables you to estimate the maximum weight you can transfer using any trailer. However, you need another formula the right axle capacity.

Axles have different load capacities. The most common axles are 13t, 26t, and 30t or heavy load model. Here is the formula for choosing axles.

Total weight = empty weight (vehicle weight) + cargo weight = 2 x number of axles x each axle’s load capacity

The assumption in this formula is that the total axle’s load capacity is approximately equal to the load capacity of the towing truck. With this formula, you can choose the right axle type without an engineer.

Chapter 2: Factors to Consider When Purchasing a Low Bed Trailer

China has many excellent manufacturer of heavy-duty vehicles including low bed trailers. This chapter provides a buying guide to help you buy the right low bed trailer for your business. The aspects of the purchasing process covered in this chapter include:

How to choose a suitable model

How to choose components

The complete manufacturing processes

How to choose a company

Let us now focus on each of these aspects in detail. By the end of the chapter, you will have all the information you need to buy a cost-effective trailer from China.

2.1 How to Choose a Suitable Model

The ordinary low bed trailers, RGN trailers, and low loaders have their advantages and disadvantages. Then right model for your business will depend on the type of cargo that you want to transport.

Choosing the right low boy trailer is important because of the safety of your goods. You want your goods to arrive to their destination in a good condition at all times. Any accidents and damages on the road will lead to huge losses.

Since lowboy trailers carry heavy and expensive cargo, any damages will have a huge effect on your business profits. If you are operating a freight company, accidents and damages will ruin the reputation of your business.

Another disadvantage of choosing the wrong model of low bed trailer is downtime. You will always disappoint your clients because of occasional downtime if you choose a trailer to low quality components.

Here are major considerations you should make to choose the right model.

Price: Always start the purchases process with a budget in mind. The prices of low bed trailers vary with their load capacities and performance.

The ordinary low bed trailers have a higher cost performance for transporting heavy goods than trailers. The best model should fit your budget.

If you are looking for a trailer to transport heavy cargo at the least cost possible, the ordinary low bed trailers are your best choice.

Cargo dimension: It is important to consider the dimensions of your cargo when choosing a trailer model. Consider the width and height, especially if your country has height limitations for transportation vehicles.

If the height of your cargo is too high, choose a low loader, an RGN trailer, or a folding gooseneck trailers. The models allow you to lower the rear part and reduce the total height of the cargo.

Cargo weight: The right model will depend on the maximum weight of your cargo. If you intend to transport more than 70 tons, consider buying low loaders, RGN trailers, and folding gooseneck trailers.

The three models have a high load capacity to transport heavy cargo. In addition, the lower deck ensures that the heavy cargo remains stable during transportation.

When you lower the rear part to load the cargo, you lower the center of the cargo or the center of gravity. Lowering the center of a heavy load increases its stability.

Loading process: Loading heavy cargo on trailers is often a challenge to many businesses. However, the process can be easier if you choose the right model. It is cumbersome to load heavy and bulky on trailers with no drop deck.

You do not just need a staircase structure to reduce the height of the cargo but also to make loading easy. Trailers have different loading processes.

While RGN and low loaders are good for loading heavy cargo, an ordinary trailer may be the best if you have lifting equipment. Most low bed trailers are loaded either from the front or from behind.

However, you will find some models in the market that allow you to place the trailer under the cargo load and then lift it. This method is convenient and reduces the risk of damaging the goods while loading.

Maintenance costs: The buying price is not the only cost you will incur on your trailer. You have to service the trailer regularly to maintain its optimal performance. Some factories make the best trailers but use expensive parts.

You will learn about maintain different parts in chapter 7. However, you need to consider the cost of keeping the trailer running at all times. If you choose a cheap trailer, you may incur a higher cost in replacing worn out parts.

Sometimes expensive trailers have lower maintenance costs because the components are of high quality. You can research on the maintenance requirements from the manufacturer’s recommendation.

At the end of the day, you should get a cost-effective trailer that can handle your type of cargo. Balance the cost with the performance or loading capacity of the trailer.

Future business needs: You are likely to buy a trailer based on type of cargo that your business has been transporting. However, you must consider the possible that the type of cargo may change in the future.

If you just started a freight company, the initial cargo may be within the standard weight, width, and height. As you grow your business, the cargo may get heavier, bulkier, and wider.

The best approach is to buy a versatile trailer that can handle current and future needs of your business. For instance, a standard trailer can transport your current cargo but you will need a low loader or an RGN trailer in the future.

It is cheaper and better to buy an RGN trailer that can last for several years. You will not need to replace the trailer when the business grows.

Learn more:

If you are looking for more details, kindly visit Heavy Load Lowbed Trailer.

How to secure truck load? Use these vital tips to keep your load secure!

2.2 How to choose parts

After choosing the right model for your cargo type, you need to consider each component of the trailer. Remember that you will not always have an engineer to help you inspect the capacity of the components. In this chapter, you will learn how to choose different components including:

Material

Main beam

Landing leg

Tires

Axles and brake

Suspension

Ramp

ABS

Different gooseneck’s structures, production procedures of RGN and folding gooseneck trailers will be introduced in next guide (coming soon).

Material

You need a low bed trailer for heavy-duty transportation. Hence, the right materials should be high-strength steel. The most common types of steel used in the main structure of low bed trailers include Q345, Q550, and Q690.

Aluminum is also used in the main structure in some countries. Here is a discussion of the different types of materials.

Q345 (ASMT Grade 50), Low Alloy Steel: In this discussion, Q represents the material yield strength. Hence, this type of material has yield strength of 345 MPa.

The specifications of the low alloy steel are C≤0.20，Mn≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.035，S≤0.035，V 0.02~0.15. One of the advantages of choosing this material is that is it economic or cost-effective.

Other advantages include a high cutting and welding performance. The material is widely used in buildings, pressure vessels, vehicles, bridges, and ships.

Q550 (ASTM Type8 Grade 80), Q690 (ASTM 100 [690] Type Q: The two materials are quenched and tempered high tensile strength plates. They have yield strength of 550 Mpa and 690 Mpa respectively.

The materials are widely used in coalmine machinery and engineering machinery such as port cranes, hydraulic support, and shipyard transporters. Below is a table of material:

Aluminium: Some countries use aluminum instead of steel for the main structure. Aluminum has lower yield strength than steel and is more expensive. However, its cutting performance is very good.

Aluminum is lighter than steel and hence the trailers made of aluminum are very light. The light weight is not suitable for transporting very heavy loads.Aluminum trailers are recommended for tranporting cargo below 50 tons.

Advantages of aluminum include anti-corrosion properties and high prevention of rust. Its disadvantages include low wear resistance and low hardness or strength. Here is a picture of an aluminum trailer:

Main beam

The most common type of main beam in low bed trailers is the I-beam. I-beams consist of an upper plate, a vertical plate, and a lower plate. The vertical plate in most cases requires to be punched.

The vertical plate can reduce the weight of the trailer and increase the strength of the main beam. Most low bed trailers have 2 main beams. However, 3 beams are used for heavier transportation to improve the safety of the cargo.

A trailer with 3 beams is safer but heavier and more expensive than other trailers. Hence, you need to choose the right number of beams depending on your cargo type.

The main beams should have high yield strength to support a trailer. Hence, the ideal materials for main beams include Q345, Q550, and Q690 steel. Other beams can use materials of Q235 steel.

Cross beams and side beams are usually welded on the main beam as shown in the picture below:

Landing gear

The landing leg is used to support the trailer when it is disconnected from the truck. The most important consideration when choosing the landing leg is the loading capacity.

The landing leg can carry half of the total weight of the trailer. The main models of landing legs include individual operation and linkage.

The landing leg has a gear case for changing the speed of lowering or raising the trailer. Here is an important point to note when operating the landing leg.

Do not use the Quick Mode when the trailer is carrying a heavy load. Always ensure that the landing ground is horizontal. Below is a picture is of a disconnected trailer and the supporting landing leg.

Tires

Low bed trailers use two major types of tires. The types include tube tires and tubeless tires. Which type of tires should you choose for your trailer? Let us look at the advantages and disadvantages of tubeless tires to help you make this decision.

Advantages of tubeless tires

Tubeless tires have high security on the road compared to tube tires. It is tubeless tires is pierced, the pressurized air leaks slowly. A tube tire, on the other hand, may blow out immediately after it is pierced.

The heat dissipation in tubeless tires is good. Hence, the tires have a long service life compared to tube tires.

Tubeless tires reduce the weight of the trailer and lower the fuel consumption rate. Hence, choosing trailers with tubeless tires will help you save on fuel costs

The tires can be used for long distance transportation because their wear resistance is good.

Disadvantages of tubeless tires

Tubeless tires are unpressurized and hence they are unsuitable for heavy loads. The tires cannot support an overloaded trailer because of the low pressure.

Reparation is cumbersome and its cost is high

The stability of the tires is poor on rough terrains

The table below outlines the specifications of the common types of tires for low bed trailers:

specification layer rim 8.25R20 10/12/14 6.5 9.00R20 10/12/14 7.0 10.00R20 10/14/16 7.5 11.00R20 10/14/16 8.0 11.00R22.5 10/14/16 8.25/22.5 12.00R20 14/16/18 8.5 12.00R22.5 12/14/16 9.0/22.5

Axles and brakes

Axles

Axles have different load capacities including 9T, 12T, 13T, and 16T among others. You can choose the most suitable axles for your low bed trailer based on their capacity.

Chapter 1.4 provides a complete guide on how to calculate the load capacity of axles and choose the right axles.

Axles have a self-steering model that uses a hydraulic / air system. The self-steering system is commonly used in multi-axles trailers to prevent tire wear.

The rear tires in multi-axles trailer wear out fast. Most of the tires in trailers do not have the steering function.

Brakes

Brakes are installed in the axles. Trailers use either a drum brake or a disc brake. Each model is discussed in detail below:

Drum brake: A drum brake as the name suggests is in the shape of a round drum with a set of shoes inside. The brake pad is pressed inside the brake drum to slow down the wheels.

A drum brake is cheap but its heat dissipation is poor. Repair and maintenance of drum brakes is also cost-effective. This type of brakes is commonly used in the low-speed and heavy-duty trailers.

The drum brake achieves brake fade faster than a disc brake on steep hills or at high speeds. Its level of efficiency is low compare to a disc brake.

Hence, the drum brake is mostly used for trailers and vehicles that drive at low speed. Here is an example of a drum brake:

Disc brake:   This type of brake consists of a disc-shaped metal rotor that spins within a wheel. When a driver applies pressure on the brake pedal, a caliber presses the brakes pads against the disc.

This causes the wheels to slow down and the vehicle to stop when continuous pressure is applied. A disc brake is expensive compared to a drum brake.

Inspecting a disc brake for mechanical problems is easy because of its location outside the wheel. The brake pad requires regular replacement, which increases the maintenance costs.

However, the heat dissipation of a disc brake is good and the brake response is fast. Here is a picture of a disc brake:

Suspensions

You can choose from four different types of suspensions for your trailer. The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of each type of suspension are outlined below:

Mechanical suspensions

This type of suspensions is also referred to as multi-leaf suspensions. Mechanical suspensions consist of a series of reaction arms that keep the axles horizontal at all times.

The axles remain in the right position even in times of extreme motion. Hence, the suspensions are highly stable and hence prevent tumbling when transporting heavy loads.

The load distribution in low bed trailer with mechanical suspensions remains constant even when brakes are applied. Mechanical suspensions are suitable for heavy-duty trailers.

The suspensions are cheap and reliable. They are also easy to maintain and have a high load capacity. The suspensions can handle heavy loads on rough terrains.

Hence, if you are working with a limited budget for buying and maintaining your trailer, mechanical suspensions are a good choice. The maintenance costs of mechanical suspensions are low compared to other types of suspensions.

Most models require minimal or no lubrication. Here is an image of mechanical suspensions:

The most common models of mechanical suspensions have a spring mechanism. The mechanism reduces the vibrations that are sent to different components of a trailer during movement.

The effect of reducing vibration is that the components have a longer life because the rate of wear and tear is reduced.

Air suspensions

The main benefit of air suspensions over other suspensions is that they are light. In addition, air suspensions offer good stability. Drivers prefer air suspensions when carrying heavy loads because they are flexible.

The stiffness of the spring adjusts to the weight of the cargo on the trailer. Hence, drivers can enjoy a comfortable and better ride with air suspensions.

Air suspensions are associated with a longer tire life and better fuel economy. The suspensions reduce the vibrations to different components, which leads to less wear and tear.

Some models of air suspensions lift the axles in a trailer that are not in use. The suspensions allow the driver to adjust the height of the ride depending on the weight of the cargo and the terrain.

The driver can also adjust the height of the vehicle when empty. Keeping the height low when the trailer is fully loaded enables the driver to maintain stability of the trailer.

The low height also improve steering and vehicle control. Air suspensions can handle different terrains.

The main shortcoming is that air suspensions are expensive. Hence, the price of trailers with air suspensions is higher than the price of other trailers. The picture below shows an example of an air suspension:

Rigid suspensions

Rigid suspensions are sometimes referred to as double oscillation bogies because of their structure. They are among the oldest and simplest types of suspensions used in trailers.

This type of suspension is mostly used in heavy-duty low bed trailers. Rigid suspensions are also suitable for low speed transportation. With rigid suspensions, the movement of one wheel depends on the movement of other wheels.

Most modern models of trailers use independent wheels but some manufacturers are still using rigid suspensions.

Some of the reasons why some manufacturers choose to go back to the rigid suspensions are that they are cost-effective and easy to maintain. The suspensions have low maintenance needs and are simple to install.

Rigid suspensions are robust and have a high load capacity. Hence, they can be use in heavy-duty low bed trailers. The suspensions can easily handle large axle movements.

Rigid axle beams are associated with improve stability and wheel alignment. The driver maintains control of the trailer because the wheels remain perpendicular to the road at all times.

Hence, the tires have a longer service life because they have a firm grip on the road.

The main shortcoming of these suspensions is the poor damping effect. In addition, the driver cannot adjust the ride height whether the trailer is loaded or empty. Here is the structure of rigid suspensions:

Single point suspension

The suspension is also referred to as heavy-duty walking beam suspension. Single point suspensions can handle a high load capacity of up to 100 tons.

Hence, these suspensions are a good choice if your business handles very heavy cargo. The suspensions are common in trailers designed to carry heavy loads.

In addition to the high loading capacity, single point suspensions have a good damping effect.

Single point suspensions have reduces vibrations to the components of the trailer. This reduces wear and tear of the parts and increases the driver’s comfort on rough terrains or bumpy roads.

The major disadvantage is that they are expensive. A single point suspension is pictured below:

The type of suspensions used in low bed trailers depend on the capacity of the trailers. For instance, mechanical suspensions are commonly use in ordinary low bed trailers.

However, heavy-duty trailers (axle-line model) require suspensions with a higher capacity to withstand the pressure of heavy cargo.

Here is an illustration of an ordinary low bed trailer with 4 axles:

A heavy duty low bed trailer with two lines of 4 axles are picture below requires suspensions with a high load capacity.

Ramp

The ramp is used to move the cargo on a low bed trailer. The length of the ramp depends on the weight of the cargo. A longer ramp is required to move heavy cargo on the trailer.

Using a longer ramp reduces the slope, which makes it easier to move heavy cargo. You need to consider the maximum weight of your cargo when choosing a ramp.

There are two types of ramps, namely, a mechanical ramp and a hydraulic ramp.

Mechanical ramp: A manual mechanism or a spring is used to lift the ramp to the right height. A mechanical ramp is cheap and easy to maintain.

However, the ramp is cumbersome to operate especially when moving heavy loads.

Hydraulic ramp: With this type of ramp, a hydraulic cylinder is used instead of a spring to lift the ramp. A hydraulic ramp is efficient and easy to use.

You can move heavy cargo fast with a hydraulic ramp. However, the ramp is more expensive than a mechanical ramp. Here is an example of a hydraulic ramp:

ABS

You need to pay much attention to the ABS when buying and maintaining a trailer for safety reasons.  A low bed trailer is mostly used to transport heavy loads.

Heavy-duty trailers have higher chances of causing accidents than other vehicles on the road. The wrong choice of an ABS may lead to fatal accidents.

Wabco is still the most famous brand of ABS in the world. The brand has maintained its popularity because of its high safety level. When the emergency brake is applied, the ABS model keeps the trailer manipulable.

The ABS model also shortens and optimises the braking distance, which enhances safety in times of emergencies.

The ABS sensor monitors the rotation of the wheel when the vehicle is moving at a high speed. However, when the wheel is not turning, the sensor allows the controller to reduce the braking pressure to keep the wheel rolling.

The controller will also keep the wheel’s lateral surface suspension and keep the wheel from slipping on the side. Hence, the driver maintains controls of the vehicle and keeps it moving in the right direction.

Learn more:

How ABS System Works For Heavy-Duty Trailer Transportation

2.3 The Manufacturing Process

Why do you need to know the manufacturing process of a low bed trailer? Should you inspect the final product and make a decision from its components?

The knowlegde of the manufacturing process is important because it can help you determine if you are buying a high-quality trailer. Some indiviudual workshops cut corners and skip some important steps in the manufacturing process.

Below is a discussion of all the major steps in the manufacturing process.

Cutting and punching

A CNC cutting machine is used to cut out the steel plates including the web plate, reinforcing plate, and accessories. In other words, the machine is used to cut all steel plates required to make a complete low bed trailer.

Punching is important because it reduces the weight and stress of the trailer. In addition, punching increases the strength of the beams.

Below is an illustration of the cutting process using a CNC machine:

Bending and Correcting

The next step after cutting the steel plate is bending according the drawing. Every manufacturing process starts with a drawing of the final product.

Hence, the manufacturers must use the dimensions and shape on the drawing when bending the steer. A fixture is used to fix the components to ensure that they are vertical and straight.

This stage involves correcting and measuring to ensure that the plate are in the right dimension, straight, and vertical.

Joint and Welding

Several components of a trailer require welding including the main beam, cross beam, spring brackets, and the floor. Welding is a very important step in the manufacturing process.

It must be done in the right way to ensure that the final structure is strong enough to handle heavy loads. Welding starts with the I beam, which is the main beam and proceeds to the cross beams.

The manufacturer must ensure that the 2 or 3 mains beams are parallel to each other when welding. The two joints on the sides of the steel plate should be fully welded to ensure that the plates and beams are strong enough.

The main beam is usually welded by submerged arc welding machine. Other parts (cross beams, plate, accessories, etc.) are welded by welder.

So, the welding quality require for high welding techniques of welders.

The alternative methods of joining beams is using bolted connections. Some countries prefer this method because it is modularised.

In addition, changing beams is easy with bolted connections compared to welded beams. Bolting requires no welding and hence the manufacturer is not concerned about thermal deformation. 

Joining beams using bolts is easier and faster than welding. Here is an example of plates joined using bolts:

Repair welding and reinforcement

After connecting all the beams and plates through welding, the manufacturer must check the strength of the key positions. Sometimes the processs of joining heavy beams causes some joints to loosen.

Hence, repair welding and reinforcement is necessary before the trailer leaves the workshop. 

Cleaning, and sandblasting

One of the last stages of the manufacturing process is cleaning, and sand blasting the surface. The purpose of this process to ensure that all the surfaces are smooth before painting.

The process is also important to reduce stress concentration on some parts of the trailer, also increasing adhesion of paint.

Painting

The next process after polishing and sandblasting the surfaces is painting. The painted surfaces will only look good is the surfaces are smooth.

Hence, if you notice any lumps of paint on the surfaces of a trailer, realize that the manufacturer skipped or hurried the smoothening process.

High-quality paint should be used to avoid chipping. Since low bed trailers are designed for heavy cargo, it is possible for low-quality paint to chip off when loading cargo.

Installing other components

The last process in the manufacturing is installing all other components of the trailers. Manufacturers start with the large parts and then finish with the smaller components.

The tires, electric system, suspension system, lighting, ABS, and axles are installed at this stage. The quality of these components is important because it determines the strength and functionality of the trailer.

If low quality parts are used, you will incur high maintenance and repair costs. Remember some parts are welded into the trailer and replacing them is cumbersome. The right manufacturers use quality parts to minimize maintenance costs.

Now that you know the full manufacturing process of a trailer, you can inspect the components and determine if the manufacturer skipped some steps.

You can also use the knowledge to diagnose the technical problems even without the help of a mechanic. For instance, if the welded parts are worn out, you can estimate the cost and time required to repair your trailer.

2.4 How to Choose a Good Supplier

Choosing the right supplier is important because your choice determines the quality of your low bed trailer. The idea supplier takes time to inspect all the components of the trailer before selling it.

Be careful when choosing suppliers because some buy trailers from manufacturer and then advertise them as their own products.

The supplier’s marketing techniques can lead you to buy a poor quality product even without inspecting it. Here is a guide on how to choose the best supplier of a low bed trailer.

Consider the price

Price is one of the most important considerations when buying a trailer. Always start the purchase process with a budget. You now know the advantages and disadvantages of different types of components including the maintenance cost.

High-quality and durable parts are more expensive than the ordinary parts. However, some suppliers overcharge buyers even for ordinary.

Before making the final purchase decision, compare the prices of the same trailer with different suppliers. You can now compare prices on the internet because most suppliers have online shops.

Sometimes it is cheaper to import a heavy-duty vehicle directly from the manufacturer. Comparing the prices will help you determine if a supplier is charging the standard market price.

Insist on high quality

We have stated the price is an important factor when buying a trailer. However, you must go beyond the price and consider the quality of trailer.

The purpose of learning different parts and the manufacturing process is to help you determine if the manufacturer uses high quality products. Some manufacturer cut corners in the production process and then sell their products at lower prices.

Do not compromise the quality of the trailer while trying to save costs. A cheap and ordinary trailer may be affordable at the moment but you will need to replace it soon.

In addition, you will incur high repair and maintenace costs even if the initial price is low. Hence, ensure that you balance between good quality and standard prices. You need a trailer that will serve your business for several years without regular breakdowns.

Check the supplier’s certification

One of the best ways to determine if a supplier is reliable or not is to check their certification. Certification boards and authorities inspect the quality of products before issuing a certificate to a supplier.

Most suppliers claim to be certified in their adverisements. You must go a step further and confirm that the supplier has a certificate of good quality.

The major certification boards include ISO, ADR, DOT, CCC, BV, SGS, etc. Buy low bed trailers from suppliers with certificate from any of these boards. Ensure that the certification is not outdate.

You can get some information online on a supplier’s certification.

Awards and Recognition

Most countries hold annual events where top companies are recognised for their quality products or services. Sometimes only the best company received an award.

In other countries, the organising board ranks the top companies. When looking for suppliers, prioritise those who have been recognised as the best companies at their national and international level.

Check the board that has given the awards to the company. If a company has been awarded as the leading manufacturer or supplier of heavy-duty vehicles, you are likely to get a durable and quality trailer.

Conduct a field study

Suppliers will engage you in very persuasive discussions so that you can buy their products. The reality is that most of them hire sales representative who exaggerate the details about trailers.

They will promise you high performance or a higher loading capacity even when they know their quality is low. Do not believe everything you hear or read. Go out and test the trailer or see a supplier’s trailer in action before buying.

You can visit any construction or transportation company that uses low bed trailers. Ask them about their experience in using the trailers.

The information from other clients is more reliable than the supplier’s because the client is already using the products. Check online reviews of suppliers as well. Some clients prefer to share their experiences online.

Compliance with industrial standards

Every industry has a set of rules and regulations to ensure that companies offer quality products to customers.

National and global institutions add to the laws and standards that manufacturers must meet before releasing their products to the market.

Compliance with industrial standards means that the supplier is observing quality requirements in that industry. The standards in this case include maximum dimensions for the trailer.

The supplier should comply with the legal weight, height, and width.  In the case of low bed trailers, find out if the nation of origin has any quality standards.

The right supplier should be willing to comply with all the laws, regulations, and standards in manufacturing and distributing trailers.

Supplying

customized

 trailers

Sometimes the models of low bed trailers do not meet your requirement. The length and width of the deck of the trailer may not suit the type of cargo that you handle. You need a customized model that suits your business.

Top manufacturer do not just supply one model of low bed trailer. They also customize their trailers to suit their client’s need. However, the dimensions of the customized trailers must be within the maximum dimensions allowed by the country’s laws.

Hence, as you explore the range of trailers that a supplier is offering, ask about the possibility of buying a customized trailer. The price of the customized model can guide you in choosing between your model and the common models in the market.

In addition, the manufacturer should use the same high quality standards for the customized trailer.

We have given you the most important aspects to consider when choosing a supplier. You need to do your research well and learn everything about a supplier before ordering a product.

Do not order for a trailer before seeing the same type of trailer in use. The best approach is to allocate enough time to look for the best trailer. You need time to inspect the parts and do your field study.

You will not always have an engineer to help with the decision but this guide provides you with all the information you need to make the right decision.

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